What is BIM?s Level of Developments (LOD)?
The Degree of Development (LOD) framework is a system found in Building Information Modeling (BIM) to define the amount of detail and accuracy of information contained inside a BIM model at different stages of a project. The LOD framework provides a common language and understanding among project stakeholders regarding the degree of information and model reliability.
You can find different LOD specifications available, but the most commonly used framework is the LOD Specification developed by the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI), and the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). The AIA LOD Specification defines six degrees of development:
LOD 100: Conceptual Design
At this level, the BIM model represents basic massing, volumes, and conceptual design intent. It really is used to convey the overall design concept without specific details or accurate dimensions.
LOD 200: Schematic Design
In this stage, the BIM model provides more descriptive information, including approximate sizes, shapes, and locations of building elements. It serves as a tool for design development and further analysis.
LOD 300: Design Development
At LOD 300, the BIM model becomes more refined and detailed. It offers specific sizes, shapes, and orientations of creating elements. It incorporates information about systems, assemblies, and connections to aid design development and coordination.
LOD 350: Construction Documentation
At this level, the BIM model includes accurate and detailed information required for construction documentation and coordination. It incorporates specific products, quantities, and assemblies necessary for construction.
LOD 400: Construction Stage
LOD 400 represents the BIM model with as-built information during the construction phase. It offers actual product and material details, precise dimensions, and specific installation methods. It serves as a reference for construction teams.
LOD 500: As-Built Stage
At this final level, the BIM model reflects the actual conditions of the built project. It includes accurate and verified as-built information, such as installed equipment, systems, and components.
It's important to note that the LOD definitions may vary slightly based on the project or organization. BIM Surveys Whitnash helps project stakeholders align their expectations regarding the degree of information and detail in a BIM model at different stages of a project. This facilitates effective collaboration, decision-making, and coordination throughout the project lifecycle.